PostgreSQL
Parse a PostgreSQL array of any dimension to a PHP array.
Works great if you absolutely trust the data ;-)
<?php
function pg_array_parse($array, $asText = true) {
$s = $array;
if ($asText) {
$s = str_replace("{", "array('", $s);
$s = str_replace("}", "')", $s);
$s = str_replace(",", "','", $s);
} else {
$s = str_replace("{", "array(", $s);
$s = str_replace("}", ")", $s);
}
$s = "\$retval = $s;";
eval($s);
return $retval;
}
?>
Funkcje PostgreSQL
Notatki
Informacja: Nie wszystkie funkcje są obsługiwane w każdym wydaniu. To zależy od wersji libpq ( Interfejs C klienta PostgreSQL ) oraz sposobu w jaki został on skompilowany. Jeśli brakuje niektórych właściwości, to bardzo możliwe, że libpq ich nie obsługuje.
Informacja: Większość funkcji PostgreSQL posiada connection jako pierwszy, opcjonalny parametr. Jeśli nie jest on podawany, to używane jest ostatnio otwarte połączenie. Jeśli ono nie istnieje, to funkcje zwracają FALSE.
Informacja: Podczas tworzenia obiektów oraz wykonywania zapytań PostgreSQL zamienia automatycznie na małe litery wszystkie identyfikatory (np. nazwy tabel, kolumn). Aby wymusić używanie dużych i małych liter w nazwach identyfikatorów należy umieszczać je w znakach unikowych - podwójnych cudzysłowach ("").
Informacja: PostgreSQL nie posiada specjalnych poleceń do pobierania informacji o schemacie bazy danych (np. wszystkich tabelach w bieżącej bazie danych). Zamiast tego istnieje niestandardowy schemat nazwany information_schema. W PostgreSQL 7.4 i nowszych można pobierać z niego za pomocą zapytań SQL widoki systemowe i inne niezbędne informacje. Szczegółowe informacje na ten temat znajdują się w » Dokumentacja PostgreSQL
Spis treści
- pg_affected_rows — Zwraca liczbę zmodyfikowanych wierszy
- pg_cancel_query — Przerywa zapytanie asynchroniczne
- pg_client_encoding — Zwraca stronę kodową klienta
- pg_close — Zamyka połączenie z PostgreSQL
- pg_connect — Otwiera tymczasowe połączenie do PostgreSQL-a
- pg_connection_busy — Sprawdza czy połączenie jest zajęte czy wolne
- pg_connection_reset — Restartuje połączenie
- pg_connection_status — Zwraca stan połączenia
- pg_convert — Konwertuje tablice asocjacyjne na postać użyteczną w zapytaniu SQL.
- pg_copy_from — Wstawia wiersze do tabeli z tablicy
- pg_copy_to — Kopiuje tabelę do tablicy
- pg_dbname — Podaje nazwę bazy danych
- pg_delete — Usuwa rekordy
- pg_end_copy — Synchronizuje klienta z serwerem PostgreSQL.
- pg_escape_bytea — Konwertuje łańcuch wstawiając sekwencje Escape dla typu bytea
- pg_escape_string — Konwertuje łańcuch wpisywany do pola tekstowego, wstawiając sekwencje Escape
- pg_execute — Sends a request to execute a prepared statement with given parameters, and waits for the result.
- pg_fetch_all_columns — Fetches all rows in a particular result column as an array
- pg_fetch_all — Fetches all rows from a result as an array
- pg_fetch_array — Pobiera wiersz jako tablicę
- pg_fetch_assoc — Fetch a row as an associative array
- pg_fetch_object — Pobiera wiersz jako obiekt
- pg_fetch_result — Pobiera dane z wyniku
- pg_fetch_row — Pobiera wiersz jako tablicę z indeksami numerycznymi
- pg_field_is_null — Sprawdza czy pole SQL zawiera NULL
- pg_field_name — Zwraca nazwę kolumny
- pg_field_num — Zwraza numer kolumny o podanej nazwie
- pg_field_prtlen — Zwraca drukowalną długość
- pg_field_size — Zwraca wewnętrzny rozmiar kolumny
- pg_field_table — Returns the name or oid of the tables field
- pg_field_type_oid — Returns the type ID (OID) for the corresponding field number
- pg_field_type — Zwraca typ wskazanej kolumny
- pg_free_result — Zwalnia pamięć wyniku
- pg_get_notify — Gets SQL NOTIFY message
- pg_get_pid — Gets the backend's process ID
- pg_get_result — Pobiera wynik zapytania asynchroniczego
- pg_host — Zwraca nazwę komputera związanego z połączeniem
- pg_insert — Wstawia tablicę do tabeli
- pg_last_error — Zwraca łańcuch ostatniego komunikatu błędu dla połączenia
- pg_last_notice — Zwraca komunikaty informacyjne serwera PostgreSQL
- pg_last_oid — Zwraca identyfikator OID ostatniego wiersza
- pg_lo_close — Zamyka wielki obiekt (LO)
- pg_lo_create — Tworzy wielki obiekt (Large Object - LO)
- pg_lo_export — Eksportuje wielki obiekt (Large Object - LO) do pliku
- pg_lo_import — Importuje wielki obiekt (Large Object - LO) z pliku
- pg_lo_open — Otwiera wielki obiekt (Large Object - LO)
- pg_lo_read_all — Odczytuje wielki obiekt (Large Object - LO) i wysła go do przeglądarki
- pg_lo_read — Odczytuje wielki obiekt (Large Object - LO)
- pg_lo_seek — Przemieszcza wskaźnik położenia w wielkim obiekcie (Large Object - LO)
- pg_lo_tell — Zwraca wskaźnik położenia w wielkim obiekcie (Large Object - LO)
- pg_lo_unlink — Usuwa wielki obiekt (Large Object - LO)
- pg_lo_write — Zapisuje do wielkiego obiektu (Large Object - LO)
- pg_meta_data — Pobiera informacje o tabeli
- pg_num_fields — Zwraca liczbę kolumn
- pg_num_rows — Zwraca liczbę wierszy
- pg_options — Podaje opcje powiązane z połączenim
- pg_parameter_status — Looks up a current parameter setting of the server.
- pg_pconnect — Otwiera trwałe połączenie z serwerem PostgreSQL
- pg_ping — Ping database connection
- pg_port — Zwraca numer portu związany z połączeniem
- pg_prepare — Submits a request to create a prepared statement with the given parameters, and waits for completion.
- pg_put_line — Wysyła łańcuch zakończony znakiem NULL do serwera PostgreSQL
- pg_query_params — Submits a command to the server and waits for the result, with the ability to pass parameters separately from the SQL command text.
- pg_query — Realizujezapytanie do bazy danych
- pg_result_error_field — Returns an individual field of an error report.
- pg_result_error — Zwraca błąd związany z identyfikatorem wyniku
- pg_result_seek — Set internal row offset in result resource
- pg_result_status — Zwraca stan wyniku zapytania
- pg_select — Wybiera wiersze
- pg_send_execute — Sends a request to execute a prepared statement with given parameters, without waiting for the result(s).
- pg_send_prepare — Sends a request to create a prepared statement with the given parameters, without waiting for completion.
- pg_send_query_params — Submits a command and separate parameters to the server without waiting for the result(s).
- pg_send_query — Wysyła zapytanie asynchroniczne
- pg_set_client_encoding — Ustawia stronę kodową klienta PostgreSQL-a
- pg_set_error_verbosity — Determines the verbosity of messages returned by pg_last_error and pg_result_error.
- pg_trace — Uruchamia śledzenie połączeń z PostgreSQL
- pg_transaction_status — Returns the current in-transaction status of the server.
- pg_tty — Zwraca nazwę konsoli tty związanej z połączeniem
- pg_unescape_bytea — Unescape binary for bytea type
- pg_untrace — Wyłącza śledzenie połączeń PostgreSQL-a
- pg_update — Aktualizuje tabelę
- pg_version — Returns an array with client, protocol and server version (when available)
add a note
User Contributed NotesPostgreSQL
veggivore at yahoo dot com
23-Feb-2008 12:39
23-Feb-2008 12:39
12-Mar-2007 06:28
Quick and dirty emulation of the mysql_select_db () function for Postgres:
<?php
function pg_select_db ($dbName)
{
$query = '\connect '.pg_escape_string ($dbName);
if ($result = pg_query ($query))
return (true);
else
return (false);
}
?>
Obviously not a great example, but it at least demonstrates how to implement mysql_select_db functionality when using Postgres. Or you could always use schemas :)
17-Nov-2006 01:30
Chris KL: Will parse well {"\\"}? The second " will be treat as escaped while it shoudn't...
21-Oct-2006 07:10
Lots of advice on stored procedures didn't work for me. This did:
<?php
$response = pg_query( $connection, "BEGIN; DECLARE s CURSOR FOR SELECT get_consumer('harry'); FETCH ALL IN s; END;" );
?>
..where harry looks like this:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_consumer( varchar )
RETURNS refcursor
AS '
DECLARE
_name ALIAS FOR $1;
r refcursor;
BEGIN
OPEN r FOR SELECT name FROM consumer
WHERE
consumer.name = _name
;
RETURN r;
END
' LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';
Chris KL
11-Nov-2005 02:17
11-Nov-2005 02:17
Here is a better array parser for PHP. It will work with 1-d arrays only. Unlike the example below it will work in all cases.
/**
* Change a db array into a PHP array
* @param $arr String representing the DB array
* @return A PHP array
*/
function phpArray($dbarr) {
// Take off the first and last characters (the braces)
$arr = substr($dbarr, 1, strlen($dbarr) - 2);
// Pick out array entries by carefully parsing. This is necessary in order
// to cope with double quotes and commas, etc.
$elements = array();
$i = $j = 0;
$in_quotes = false;
while ($i < strlen($arr)) {
// If current char is a double quote and it's not escaped, then
// enter quoted bit
$char = substr($arr, $i, 1);
if ($char == '"' && ($i == 0 || substr($arr, $i - 1, 1) != '\\'))
$in_quotes = !$in_quotes;
elseif ($char == ',' && !$in_quotes) {
// Add text so far to the array
$elements[] = substr($arr, $j, $i - $j);
$j = $i + 1;
}
$i++;
}
// Add final text to the array
$elements[] = substr($arr, $j);
// Do one further loop over the elements array to remote double quoting
// and escaping of double quotes and backslashes
for ($i = 0; $i < sizeof($elements); $i++) {
$v = $elements[$i];
if (strpos($v, '"') === 0) {
$v = substr($v, 1, strlen($v) - 2);
$v = str_replace('\\"', '"', $v);
$v = str_replace('\\\\', '\\', $v);
$elements[$i] = $v;
}
}
return $elements;
}
1413 at blargh dot com
12-Oct-2005 02:09
12-Oct-2005 02:09
Here is some quick and dirty code to convert Postgres-returned arrays into PHP arrays. There's probably a billion bugs, but since I'm only dealing with variable-depth-and-length arrays of integers, it works for my needs.
Most notably, any data that might have commas in it won't work right...
<?php
function PGArrayToPHPArray($pgArray)
{
$ret = array();
$stack = array(&$ret);
$pgArray = substr($pgArray, 1, -1);
$pgElements = explode(",", $pgArray);
ArrayDump($pgElements);
foreach($pgElements as $elem)
{
if(substr($elem,-1) == "}")
{
$elem = substr($elem,0,-1);
$newSub = array();
while(substr($elem,0,1) != "{")
{
$newSub[] = $elem;
$elem = array_pop($ret);
}
$newSub[] = substr($elem,1);
$ret[] = array_reverse($newSub);
}
else
$ret[] = $elem;
}
return $ret;
}
?>
anis_wn at gawab dot com
06-Jun-2005 06:45
06-Jun-2005 06:45
Setting up PostgreSQL for higher security PHP connection.
Case:
We want to connect to PostgreSQL database using username and password supplied by webuser at login time.
Fact (Linux):
Apache (perhaps other servers, too) running the server as (default to) apache user account. So if you connect to PostgreSQL using default user, apache will be assingned for it. If you hard code the user and password in your PHP script, you'll loose security restriction from PostgreSQL.
Solution:
(You are assumed to have enough privilege to do these things, though)
1. Edit pg_hba.conf to have the line like the one below
host db_Name [web_server_ip_address] [ip_address_mask] md5
2. Add to you script the login page that submits username and password.
3. Use those information to login to PostgreSQL like these...
<?
$conn = "host=$DBHost port=$DBPort dbname=$DBName ".
"user='{$_POST['dbUsername']}' password='{$_POST['dbPassword']}'";
$db = pg_connect ($conn);
[your other codes go here...]
?>
4. You must add users in PostgreSQL properly.
5. For your convenience, you can store the username and password to $_SESSION variable.
Good luck.
Anis WN
WillowCatkin at hotmail dot com
21-May-2005 03:43
21-May-2005 03:43
There is an example:
<?php
/*
* Define PostgreSQL database server connect parameters.
*/
define('PGHOST','10.0.0.218');
define('PGPORT',5432);
define('PGDATABASE','example');
define('PGUSER', 'root');
define('PGPASSWORD', 'nopass');
define('PGCLIENTENCODING','UNICODE');
define('ERROR_ON_CONNECT_FAILED','Sorry, can not connect the database server now!');
/*
* Merge connect string and connect db server with default parameters.
*/
pg_pconnect('host=' . PGHOST . ' port=' . PGPORT . ' dbname=' . PGDATABASE . ' user=' . PGUSER . ' password=' . PGPASSWORD);
/*
* generate sql statements to call db-server-side stored procedure(or function)
* @parameter string $proc stored procedure name.
* @parameter array $paras parameters, 2 dimensions array.
* @return string $sql = 'select "proc"(para1,para2,para3);'
* @example pg_prepare('userExists',
* array(
* array('userName','chin','string'),
* array('userId','7777','numeric')
* )
* )
*/
function pg_prepare($proc, $paras)
{
$sql = 'select "' . $proc . '"(';
$sql .= $paras[0][2] == 'numeric' ? $paras[0][1] : "'" . str_replace("'","''",$paras[0][1]) . "'";
$len = count($paras);
for ($i = 1; $i < $len; $i ++)
{
$sql .= ',';
$sql .= $paras[$i][2] == 'numeric' ? $paras[$i][1] : "'" . str_replace("'","''",$paras[$i][1]) . "'";
}
$sql .= ');';
return $sql;
}
?>
adaml at mimuw edu pl
02-Oct-2004 03:07
02-Oct-2004 03:07
Yes, PHP does support stored procedures
You have to add "select" before the name of the
procedure, just like that:
$result = pg_querry($conn, "SELECT procedure_x($aa)");
if a procedure returns a cursor you do something like that:
$result = pg_query($conn, "SELECT procedure_x('rcursor'); FETCH ALL IN rcursor");
raja shahed at christine nothdurfter dot com
16-Jul-2004 08:14
16-Jul-2004 08:14
A very good tutorial for Windows users' is here http://www.sitepoint.com/article/use-postgresql-php-windows. Herr Johan Faxer Shows also how to install Cygwin.
74012 dot 2773 at compuserve dot com
02-Jul-2004 06:35
02-Jul-2004 06:35
for just a list of tables, this works with postgresql-7.2.1:
function pg_list_tables($db) {
$sql = "select relname from pg_stat_user_tables order by relname;";
return pg_query($db, $sql);
}
abondi at ijk dot it
26-May-2004 02:11
26-May-2004 02:11
I've found another function to mimic the following mysql list tables function (http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.mysql-list-tables.php) that's more useful for my target:
function pg_list_tables() {
$sql = "SELECT a.relname AS Name
FROM pg_class a, pg_user b
WHERE ( relkind = 'r') and relname !~ '^pg_' AND relname !~ '^sql_'
AND relname !~ '^xin[vx][0-9]+' AND b.usesysid = a.relowner
AND NOT (EXISTS (SELECT viewname FROM pg_views WHERE viewname=a.relname));";
return(pg_query($conn, $sql));
}
fmonteiro11 at hotmail dot com
15-Jan-2004 07:50
15-Jan-2004 07:50
Another good source of knowledge is http://www.faqs.org/docs/ppbook/book1.htm
daniel at bichara dot com dot br
31-Dec-2002 02:04
31-Dec-2002 02:04
Running RedHat Linux and Apache with suexec enabled you must include pgsql.so on each .php file using dl("pgsql.so") and remove "extension=pgsql.so" from php.ini, otherwise Apache (httpd) will not start.
anonymous at unknown dot com
29-Nov-2002 06:50
29-Nov-2002 06:50
I just wanted to add to my previous post I've got the system up and running.
Environment: Windows XP, Apache 1.3.23, Php 4.3 RC2, PostGreSQL beta4 native windows build
Installation was fairly easy:
1. read the readme.txt
2. edit the setenv.bat as described in readme
3. run 'initdb'
all execs are in /bin
help is accessed like <command> --help
4. Start the psql deamon - you may want to create a batch file like
'D:\postgres_beta4\bin\postmaster -h localhost -D D:/postgres_beta4/data'
--deamon should be up and running now--
You can login into a shell from a console like
'psql -h localhost -d <username>'
You must load the postgresql extension by editing the php.ini and restarting apache in order to access psql with php.
And one final not: when running
$dbconn = pg_connect ("host=localhost port=5432 dbname=$dbname user=$user");
remember that $user and or $dbname is CASESENSITIVE.
Oh yeah, I created the data dir manually - don't know whether that was necessary
Grtz Vargo
swm at php dot net
22-Aug-2002 05:49
22-Aug-2002 05:49
My talk on PHP and PostgreSQL which I presented at O'Reilly OSCON 2002 is now online.
http://www.alcove.com.au/oreilly/
mystran at wasteland dot pp dot htv dot fi
04-Feb-2002 04:46
04-Feb-2002 04:46
Nice to know fact that I didn't find documented here.
PHP will return values of PostgreSQL boolean datatype as single character strings "t" and "f", not PHP true and false.
[Editor's Note]
't' or 'f' is valid boolean expression for PostgreSQL.
All values from PostgreSQL are strings, since PostgreSQL integer, float may be much larger than PHP's native int, double can handle. PostgreSQL array is not supported.
saberit at home dot com
15-Sep-2001 11:11
15-Sep-2001 11:11
I tried compiling PHP from source with PostgreSQL support (./configure --with-pgsql=/usr/local/pgsql) and ran into a bunch of problems when trying to 'make'. The problem was that some of the PostgreSQL headers were not installed by default when I installed PostgreSQL from source. When installing PostgreSQL make sure you 'make install-all-headers' after you 'make install'.
hubert at hubertmuller dot com
10-Jul-2001 01:36
10-Jul-2001 01:36
The best way to find the separated list of tables, sequences, keys etc is:
SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE relkind='<value>' AND relname !~ '^pg_';
<value> takes:
i for keys,
r for relations,
S for sequences
Note that all tables names that begins with 'pg_' are PostgreSQL internal tables (this explain why I use AND relname !~ '^pg_' condition).
passion at monkey dot org
28-Jun-2001 03:53
28-Jun-2001 03:53
I've tried to mimic the following mysql database connection functions for postgres.
http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.mysql-list-dbs.php
http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.mysql-list-tables.php
These are assuming that you're passing in $link as the result from pg_connect:
function pg_list_dbs($link)
{
$sql = 'SELECT datname FROM pg_database';
return (pg_query($link, $sql));
}
function pg_list_tables($link)
{
$sql = "SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE relname !~ '^pg_'";
return (pg_query($link, $sql));
}
!spamcraig at ahdore dot com
15-Apr-2001 10:11
15-Apr-2001 10:11
If you want to extract data from select statements, you need to store the result index, and then apply pg_result to that value. Basically, do this
$resultIdx = pg_query ($database, "select * from tablename");
$mySelect = pg_fetch_result($resultIdx, 0, 0); // gets column 0 of tuple 0
echo("My select: [".$mySelect."]");
I'm new to php and had to do some fiddling around to work this out. It's reasonably elementary, but not demonstrated by the examples on these pages. Hopefully it will come in useful to someone else.
bleach at chek dot com
02-Mar-2000 09:36
02-Mar-2000 09:36
If you want to see all the objects in a database, you can find that information in the pg_class table. <BR>
SELECT * FROM pg_class;<BR>
Now this is going to be kind of long and complex, to see how psql command handles the \d and other things. use the syntax. psql -E <Database>, ie psql -E mydatabase <BR>
What this will do is show the SQL command used for everything. So when you type a \d or something, it shows the SQL query used for the result.