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Introduction> <ob_iconv_handler
Last updated: Fri, 29 Aug 2008

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Internationalization Functions

phpdoc:classref

The Collator class

Introduction

Provides string comparison capability with support for appropriate locale-sensitive sort orderings.

Synopsis de la classe

Collator
class Collator {
/* Methods */
__construct ( string $locale )
bool asort ( array &$arr [, integer $sort_flag ] )
integer compare ( string $str1 , string $str2 )
static Collator create ( string $locale )
integer getAttribute ( integer $attr )
integer getErrorCode ( void )
string getErrorMessage ( void )
string getLocale ([ integer $type ] )
integer getStrength ( void )
bool setAttribute ( integer $attr , integer $val )
bool setStrength ( integer $strength )
bool sortWithSortKeys ( array &$arr )
bool sort ( array &$arr [, integer $sort_flag ] )
}

Constantes pré-définies

Collator::FRENCH_COLLATION (integer)

Sort strings with different accents from the back of the string. This attribute is automatically set to On for the French locales and a few others. Users normally would not need to explicitly set this attribute. There is a string comparison performance cost when it is set On, but sort key length is unaffected. Possible values are:

  • Collator::ON
  • Collator::OFF(default)
  • Collator::DEFAULT_VALUE

Exemple #1 FRENCH_COLLATION rules

  • F=OFF cote < coté < côte < côté
  • F=ON cote < côte < coté < côté

Collator::ALTERNATE_HANDLING (integer)

The Alternate attribute is used to control the handling of the socalled variable characters in the UCA: whitespace, punctuation and symbols. If Alternate is set to NonIgnorable (N), then differences among these characters are of the same importance as differences among letters. If Alternate is set to Shifted (S), then these characters are of only minor importance. The Shifted value is often used in combination with Strength set to Quaternary. In such a case, whitespace, punctuation, and symbols are considered when comparing strings, but only if all other aspects of the strings (base letters, accents, and case) are identical. If Alternate is not set to Shifted, then there is no difference between a Strength of 3 and a Strength of 4. For more information and examples, see Variable_Weighting in the » UCA . The reason the Alternate values are not simply On and Off is that additional Alternate values may be added in the future. The UCA option Blanked is expressed with Strength set to 3, and Alternate set to Shifted. The default for most locales is NonIgnorable. If Shifted is selected, it may be slower if there are many strings that are the same except for punctuation; sort key length will not be affected unless the strength level is also increased.

Possible values are:

  • Collator::NON_IGNORABLE(default)
  • Collator::SHIFTED
  • Collator::DEFAULT_VALUE

Exemple #2 ALTERNATE_HANDLING rules

  • S=3, A=N di Silva < Di Silva < diSilva < U.S.A. < USA
  • S=3, A=S di Silva = diSilva < Di Silva < U.S.A. = USA
  • S=4, A=S di Silva < diSilva < Di Silva < U.S.A. < USA

Collator::CASE_FIRST (integer)

The Case_First attribute is used to control whether uppercase letters come before lowercase letters or vice versa, in the absence of other differences in the strings. The possible values are Uppercase_First (U) and Lowercase_First (L), plus the standard Default and Off. There is almost no difference between the Off and Lowercase_First options in terms of results, so typically users will not use Lowercase_First: only Off or Uppercase_First. (People interested in the detailed differences between X and L should consult the Collation Customization). Specifying either L or U won't affect string comparison performance, but will affect the sort key length.

Possible values are:

  • Collator::OFF(default)
  • Collator::LOWER_FIRST
  • Collator::UPPER_FIRST
  • Collator:DEFAULT

Exemple #3 CASE_FIRST rules

  • C=X or C=L "china" < "China" < "denmark" < "Denmark"
  • C=U "China" < "china" < "Denmark" < "denmark"

Collator::CASE_LEVEL (integer)

The Case_Level attribute is used when ignoring accents but not case. In such a situation, set Strength to be Primary, and Case_Level to be On. In most locales, this setting is Off by default. There is a small string comparison performance and sort key impact if this attribute is set to be On.

Possible values are:

  • Collator::OFF(default)
  • Collator::ON
  • Collator::DEFAULT_VALUE

Exemple #4 CASE_LEVEL rules

  • S=1, E=X role = Role = rôle
  • S=1, E=O role = rôle < Role

Collator::NORMALIZATION_MODE (integer)

The Normalization setting determines whether text is thoroughly normalized or not in comparison. Even if the setting is off (which is the default for many locales), text as represented in common usage will compare correctly (for details, see UTN #5). Only if the accent marks are in noncanonical order will there be a problem. If the setting is On, then the best results are guaranteed for all possible text input. There is a medium string comparison performance cost if this attribute is On, depending on the frequency of sequences that require normalization. There is no significant effect on sort key length. If the input text is known to be in NFD or NFKD normalization forms, there is no need to enable this Normalization option.

Possible values are:

  • Collator::OFF(default)
  • Collator::ON
  • Collator::DEFAULT_VALUE

Collator::STRENGTH (integer)

The ICU Collation Service supports many levels of comparison (named "Levels", but also known as "Strengths"). Having these categories enables ICU to sort strings precisely according to local conventions. However, by allowing the levels to be selectively employed, searching for a string in text can be performed with various matching conditions. For more detailed information, see collator_set_strength() chapter.

Possible values are:

  • Collator::PRIMARY
  • Collator::SECONDARY
  • Collator::TERTIARY(default)
  • Collator::QUATERNARY
  • Collator::IDENTICAL
  • Collator::DEFAULT_VALUE

Collator::HIRAGANA_QUATERNARY_MODE (integer)

Compatibility with JIS x 4061 requires the introduction of an additional level to distinguish Hiragana and Katakana characters. If compatibility with that standard is required, then this attribute should be set On, and the strength set to Quaternary. This will affect sort key length and string comparison string comparison performance.

Possible values are:

  • Collator::OFF(default)
  • Collator::ON
  • Collator::DEFAULT_VALUE

Collator::NUMERIC_COLLATION (integer)

When turned on, this attribute generates a collation key for the numeric value of substrings of digits. This is a way to get '100' to sort AFTER '2'.

Possible values are:

  • Collator::OFF(default)
  • Collator::ON
  • Collator::DEFAULT_VALUE

Collator::DEFAULT_VALUE (integer)
Collator::PRIMARY (integer)
Collator::SECONDARY (integer)
Collator::TERTIARY (integer)
Collator::DEFAULT_STRENGTH (integer)
Collator::QUATERNARY (integer)
Collator::IDENTICAL (integer)
Collator::OFF (integer)
Collator::ON (integer)
Collator::SHIFTED (integer)
Collator::NON_IGNORABLE (integer)
Collator::LOWER_FIRST (integer)
Collator::UPPER_FIRST (integer)

/phpdoc:classref phpdoc:classref

The NumberFormatter class

Introduction

Programs store and operate on numbers using a locale-independent binary representation. When displaying or printing a number it is converted to a locale-specific string. For example, the number 12345.67 is "12,345.67" in the US, "12 345,67" in France and "12.345,67" in Germany.

By invoking the methods provided by the NumberFormatter class, you can format numbers, currencies, and percentages according to the specified or default locale. NumberFormatter is locale-sensitive so you need to create a new NumberFormatter for each locale. NumberFormatter methods format primitive-type numbers, such as double and output the number as a locale-specific string.

For currencies you can use currency format type to create a formatter that returns a string with the formatted number and the appropriate currency sign. Of course, the NumberFormatter class is unaware of exchange rates so, the number output is the same regardless of the specified currency. This means that the same number has different monetary values depending on the currency locale. If the number is 9988776.65 the results will be:

  • 9 988 776,65 € in France
  • 9.988.776,65 € in Germany
  • $9,988,776.65 in the United States

In order to format percentages, create a locale-specific formatter with percentage format type. With this formatter, a decimal fraction such as 0.75 is displayed as 75%.

For more complex formatting, like spelled-out numbers, the rule-based number formatters are used.

Synopsis de la classe

NumberFormatter
class NumberFormatter {
/* Methods */
__construct ( string $locale , integer $style [, string $pattern ] )
static NumberFormatter create ( string $locale , integer $style [, string $pattern ] )
string formatCurrency ( double $value , string $currency )
string format ( number $value [, integer $type ] )
integer getAttribute ( integer $attr )
integer getErrorCode ( void )
string getErrorMessage ( void )
string getLocale ([ integer $type ] )
string getPattern ( void )
string getSymbol ( integer $attr )
string getTextAttribute ( integer $attr )
double parseCurrency ( string $value , string &$currency [, integer &$position ] )
mixed parse ( string $value [, integer $type [, integer &$position ]] )
bool setAttribute ( integer $attr , integer $value )
bool setPattern ( string $pattern )
bool setSymbol ( integer $attr , string $value )
bool setTextAttribute ( integer $attr , string $value )
}

Constantes pré-définies

These styles are used by the numfmt_create() to define the type of the formatter.

NumberFormatter::PATTERN_DECIMAL (integer)
Decimal format defined by pattern
NumberFormatter::DECIMAL (integer)
Decimal format
NumberFormatter::CURRENCY (integer)
Currency format
NumberFormatter::PERCENT (integer)
Percent format
NumberFormatter::SCIENTIFIC (integer)
Scientific format
NumberFormatter::SPELLOUT (integer)
Spellout rule-based format
NumberFormatter::ORDINAL (integer)
Ordinal rule-based format
NumberFormatter::DURATION (integer)
Duration rule-based format
NumberFormatter::PATTERN_RULEBASED (integer)
Rule-based format defined by pattern
NumberFormatter::DEFAULT_STYLE (integer)
Default format for the locale
NumberFormatter::IGNORE (integer)
Alias for PATTERN_DECIMAL

These constants define how the numbers are parsed or formatted. They should be used as arguments to numfmt_format() and numfmt_parse().

NumberFormatter::TYPE_DEFAULT (integer)
Derive the type from variable type
NumberFormatter::TYPE_INT32 (integer)
Format/parse as 32-bit integer
NumberFormatter::TYPE_INT64 (integer)
Format/parse as 64-bit integer
NumberFormatter::TYPE_DOUBLE (integer)
Format/parse as floating point value
NumberFormatter::TYPE_CURRENCY (integer)
Format/parse as currency value

Number format attribute used by numfmt_get_attribute() and numfmt_set_attribute() .

NumberFormatter::PARSE_INT_ONLY (integer)
Parse integers only.
NumberFormatter::GROUPING_USED (integer)
Use grouping separator.
NumberFormatter::DECIMAL_ALWAYS_SHOWN (integer)
Always show decimal point.
NumberFormatter::MAX_INTEGER_DIGITS (integer)
Maximum integer digits.
NumberFormatter::MIN_INTEGER_DIGITS (integer)
Minimum integer digits.
NumberFormatter::INTEGER_DIGITS (integer)
Integer digits.
NumberFormatter::MAX_FRACTION_DIGITS (integer)
Maximum fraction digits.
NumberFormatter::MIN_FRACTION_DIGITS (integer)
Minimum fraction digits.
NumberFormatter::FRACTION_DIGITS (integer)
Fraction digits.
NumberFormatter::MULTIPLIER (integer)
Multiplier.
NumberFormatter::GROUPING_SIZE (integer)
Grouping size.
NumberFormatter::ROUNDING_MODE (integer)
Rounding Mode.
NumberFormatter::ROUNDING_INCREMENT (integer)
Rounding increment.
NumberFormatter::FORMAT_WIDTH (integer)
The width to which the output of format() is padded.
NumberFormatter::PADDING_POSITION (integer)
The position at which padding will take place. See pad position constants for possible argument values.
NumberFormatter::SECONDARY_GROUPING_SIZE (integer)
Secondary grouping size.
NumberFormatter::SIGNIFICANT_DIGITS_USED (integer)
Use significant digits.
NumberFormatter::MIN_SIGNIFICANT_DIGITS (integer)
Minimum significant digits.
NumberFormatter::MAX_SIGNIFICANT_DIGITS (integer)
Maximum significant digits.
NumberFormatter::LENIENT_PARSE (integer)
Lenient parse mode used by rule-based formats.

Number format text attribute used by numfmt_get_text_attribute() and numfmt_set_text_attribute().

NumberFormatter::POSITIVE_PREFIX (integer)
Positive prefix.
NumberFormatter::POSITIVE_SUFFIX (integer)
Positive suffix.
NumberFormatter::NEGATIVE_PREFIX (integer)
Negative prefix.
NumberFormatter::NEGATIVE_SUFFIX (integer)
Negative suffix.
NumberFormatter::PADDING_CHARACTER (integer)
The character used to pad to the format width.
NumberFormatter::CURRENCY_CODE (integer)
The ISO currency code.
NumberFormatter::DEFAULT_RULESET (integer)
The default rule set. This is only available with rule-based formatters.
NumberFormatter::PUBLIC_RULESETS (integer)
The public rule sets. This is only available with rule-based formatters. This is a read-only attribute. The public rulesets are returned as a single string, with each ruleset name delimited by ';' (semicolon).

Number format symbols used by numfmt_get_symbol() and numfmt_set_symbol().

NumberFormatter::DECIMAL_SEPARATOR_SYMBOL (integer)
The decimal separator.
NumberFormatter::GROUPING_SEPARATOR_SYMBOL (integer)
The grouping separator.
NumberFormatter::PATTERN_SEPARATOR_SYMBOL (integer)
The pattern separator.
NumberFormatter::PERCENT_SYMBOL (integer)
The percent sign.
NumberFormatter::ZERO_DIGIT_SYMBOL (integer)
Zero.
NumberFormatter::DIGIT_SYMBOL (integer)
Character representing a digit in the pattern.
NumberFormatter::MINUS_SIGN_SYMBOL (integer)
The minus sign.
NumberFormatter::PLUS_SIGN_SYMBOL (integer)
The plus sign.
NumberFormatter::CURRENCY_SYMBOL (integer)
The currency symbol.
NumberFormatter::INTL_CURRENCY_SYMBOL (integer)
The international currency symbol.
NumberFormatter::MONETARY_SEPARATOR_SYMBOL (integer)
The monetary separator.
NumberFormatter::EXPONENTIAL_SYMBOL (integer)
The exponential symbol.
NumberFormatter::PERMILL_SYMBOL (integer)
Per mill symbol.
NumberFormatter::PAD_ESCAPE_SYMBOL (integer)
Escape padding character.
NumberFormatter::INFINITY_SYMBOL (integer)
Infinity symbol.
NumberFormatter::NAN_SYMBOL (integer)
Not-a-number symbol.
NumberFormatter::SIGNIFICANT_DIGIT_SYMBOL (integer)
Significant digit symbol.
NumberFormatter::MONETARY_GROUPING_SEPARATOR_SYMBOL (integer)
The monetary grouping separator.

Rounding mode values used by numfmt_get_attribute() and numfmt_set_attribute() with NumberFormatter::ROUNDING_MODE attribute.

NumberFormatter::ROUND_CEILING (integer)
Rounding mode to round towards positive infinity.
NumberFormatter::ROUND_DOWN (integer)
Rounding mode to round towards zero.
NumberFormatter::ROUND_FLOOR (integer)
Rounding mode to round towards negative infinity.
NumberFormatter::ROUND_HALFDOWN (integer)
Rounding mode to round towards "nearest neighbor" unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case round down.
NumberFormatter::ROUND_HALFEVEN (integer)
Rounding mode to round towards the "nearest neighbor" unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case, round towards the even neighbor.
NumberFormatter::ROUND_HALFUP (integer)
Rounding mode to round towards "nearest neighbor" unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case round up.
NumberFormatter::ROUND_UP (integer)
Rounding mode to round away from zero.

Pad position values used by numfmt_get_attribute() and numfmt_set_attribute() with NumberFormatter::PADDING_POSITION attribute.

NumberFormatter::PAD_AFTER_PREFIX (integer)
Pad characters inserted after the prefix.
NumberFormatter::PAD_AFTER_SUFFIX (integer)
Pad characters inserted after the suffix.
NumberFormatter::PAD_BEFORE_PREFIX (integer)
Pad characters inserted before the prefix.
NumberFormatter::PAD_BEFORE_SUFFIX (integer)
Pad characters inserted before the suffix.

/phpdoc:classref phpdoc:classref

The Locale class

Introduction

A "Locale" is an identifier used to get language, culture, or regionally-specific behavior from an API. PHP locales are organized and identified the same way that the CLDR locales used by ICU (and many vendors of Unix-like operating systems, the Mac, Java, and so forth) use. Locales are identified using RFC 4646 language tags (which use hyphen, not underscore) in addition to the more traditional underscore-using identifiers. Unless otherwise noted the functions in this class are tolerant of both formats.

Examples of identifiers include:

  • en-US (English, United States)
  • zh-Hant-TW (Chinese, Traditional Script, Taiwan)
  • fr-CA, fr-FR (French for Canada and France respectively)

The Locale class (and related procedural functions) are used to interact with locale identifiers--to verify that an ID is well-formed, valid, etc. The extensions used by CLDR in UAX #35 (and inherited by ICU) are valid and used wherever they would be in ICU normally.

Locales cannot be instantiated as objects. All of the functions/methods provided are static.

The null or empty string obtains the "root" locale. The "root" locale is equivalent to "en_US_POSIX" in CLDR. Language tags (and thus locale identifiers) are case insensitive. There exists a canonicalization function to make case match the specification.

Synopsis de la classe

Locale
class Locale {
/* Methods */
static string acceptFromHttp ( string $header )
static string composeLocale ( array $subtags )
static boolean filterMatches ( string $langtag , string $locale )
static array getAllVariants ( string $locale )
static string getDefault ( void )
static string getDisplayLanguage ( string $locale [, string $in_locale ] )
static string getDisplayName ( string $locale [, string $in_locale ] )
static string getDisplayRegion ( string $locale [, string $in_locale ] )
static string getDisplayScript ( string $locale [, string $in_locale ] )
static string getDisplayVariant ( string $locale [, string $in_locale ] )
static array getKeywords ( string $locale )
static string getPrimaryLanguage ( string $locale )
static string getRegion ( string $locale )
static string getScript ( string $locale )
static string lookup ( array $langtag , string $locale , string $default )
static array parseLocale ( string $locale )
static boolean setDefault ( string $locale )
}

Constantes pré-définies

These constants define how the Locale

Locale::DEFAULT_LOCALE (string)
Used with the getLocale methods of the various locale affected classes, such as numfmt.
Locale::ACTUAL_LOCALE (string)
This is locale the data actually comes from.
Locale::VALID_LOCALE (string)
This is the most specific locale supported by ICU.

These constants define how the Locales are parsed or composed. They should be used as keys in the argument array to locale_compose() and are returned from locale_parse() as keys of the returned associative array.

Locale::LANG_TAG (string)
Language subtag
Locale::EXTLANG_TAG (string)
Extended language subtag
Locale::SCRIPT_TAG (string)
Script subtag
Locale::REGION_TAG (string)
Region subtag
Locale::VARIANT_TAG (string)
Variant subtag
Locale::GRANDFATHERED_LANG_TAG (string)
Grandfathered Language subtag
Locale::PRIVATE_TAG (string)
Private subtag

/phpdoc:classref phpdoc:classref

The Normalizer class

Introduction

Normalization is a process that involves transforming characters and sequences of characters into a formally-defined underlying representation. This process is most important when text needs to be compared for sorting and searching, but it is also used when storing text to ensure that the text is stored in a consistent representation.

The Unicode Consortium has defined a number of normalization forms reflecting the various needs of applications:

  • Normalization Form D (NFD) - Canonical Decomposition
  • Normalization Form C (NFC) - Canonical Decomposition followed by Canonical Composition
  • Normalization Form KD (NFKD) - Compatibility Decomposition
  • Normalization Form KC (NFKC) - Compatibility Decomposition followed by Canonical Composition
The different forms are defined in terms of a set of transformations on the text, transformations that are expressed by both an algorithm and a set of data files.

Synopsis de la classe

Normalizer
class Normalizer {
/* Methods */
static boolean isNormalized ( string $input [, string $form ] )
static string normalize ( string $input [, string $form ] )
}

Constantes pré-définies

The following constants define the normalization form used by the normalizer:

Normalizer::FORM_C (string)
Normalization Form C (NFC) - Canonical Decomposition followed by Canonical Composition
Normalizer::FORM_D (string)
Normalization Form D (NFD) - Canonical Decomposition
Normalizer::FORM_KC (string)
Normalization Form KC (NFKC) - Compatibility Decomposition, followed by Canonical Composition
Normalizer::FORM_KD (string)
Normalization Form KD (NFKD) - Compatibility Decomposition
Normalizer::NONE (string)
No decomposition/composition
Normalizer::OPTION_DEFAULT (string)
Default normalization options

/phpdoc:classref phpdoc:classref

The MessageFormatter class

Introduction

MessageFormatter is a concrete class that enables users to produce concatenated, language-neutral messages. The methods supplied in this class are used to build all the messages that are seen by end users.

The MessageFormatter class assembles messages from various fragments (such as text fragments, numbers, and dates) supplied by the program. Because of the MessageFormatter class, the program does not need to know the order of the fragments. The class uses the formatting specifications for the fragments to assemble them into a message that is contained in a single string within a resource bundle. For example, MessageFormatter enables you to print the phrase "Finished printing x out of y files..." in a manner that still allows for flexibility in translation.

Previously, an end user message was created as a sentence and handled as a string. This procedure created problems for localizers because the sentence structure, word order, number format and so on are very different from language to language. The language-neutral way to create messages keeps each part of the message separate and provides keys to the data. Using these keys, the MessageFormatter class can concatenate the parts of the message, localize them, and display a well-formed string to the end user.

MessageFormatter takes a set of objects, formats them, and then inserts the formatted strings into the pattern at the appropriate places. Choice formats can be used in conjunction with MessageFormatter to handle plurals, match numbers, and select from an array of items. Typically, the message format will come from resources and the arguments will be dynamically set at runtime.

Synopsis de la classe

MessageFormatter
class MessageFormatter {
/* Methods */
__construct ( string $locale , string $pattern )
MessageFormatter create ( string $locale , string $pattern )
static string formatMessage ( string $locale , string $pattern , array $args )
string format ( array $args )
integer getErrorCode ( void )
string getErrorMessage ( void )
string getLocale ( void )
string getPattern ( void )
static array parseMessage ( string $locale , string $value )
array parse ( string $value )
boolean setPattern ( string $pattern )
}
/phpdoc:classref phpdoc:classref

The IntlDateFormatter class

Introduction

Date Formatter is a concrete class that enables locale-dependent formatting/parsing of dates using pattern strings and/or canned patterns.

This class represents the ICU date formatting functionality. It allows users to display dates in a localized format or to parse strings into PHP date values using pattern strings and/or canned patterns.

Class synopsis

IntlDateFormatter
class IntlDateFormatter {
/* Methods */
__construct ( string $locale , integer $datetype , integer $timetype [, string $timezone [, integer $calendar [, string $pattern ]]] )
static IntlDateFormatter create ( string $locale , integer $datetype , integer $timetype [, string $timezone [, integer $calendar [, string $pattern ]]] )
string format ( mixed $value )
integer getCalendar ( void )
integer getDateType ( void )
integer getErrorCode ( void )
string getErrorMessage ( void )
string getLocale ([ integer $which ] )
string getPattern ( void )
integer getTimeType ( void )
string getTimeZoneId ( void )
boolean isLenient ( void )
array localtime ( string $value [, integer &$position ] )
integer parse ( string $value [, integer &$position ] )
boolean setCalendar ( integer $which )
boolean setLenient ( boolean $lenient )
boolean setPattern ( string $pattern )
boolean setTimeZoneId ( string $zone )
}

Constantes pré-définies

These constants are used to specify different formats in the constructor for DateType and TimeType.

IntlDateFormatter::NONE (string)
Do not include this element
IntlDateFormatter::FULL (string)
Completely specified style (Tuesday, April 12, 1952 AD or 3:30:42pm PST)
IntlDateFormatter::LONG (string)
Long style (January 12, 1952 or 3:30:32pm)
IntlDateFormatter::MEDIUM (string)
Medium style (Jan 12, 1952)
IntlDateFormatter::SHORT (string)
Most abbreviated style, only essential data (12/13/52 or 3:30pm)

The following int constants are used to specify the calendar. These calendars are all based directly on the Gregorian calendar. Non-Gregorian calendars need to be specified in locale. Examples might include locale="hi@calendar=BUDDHIST".

IntlDateFormatter::TRADITIONAL (string)
Non-Gregorian Calendar
IntlDateFormatter::GREGORIAN (string)
Gregorian Calendar

/phpdoc:classref

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Introduction> <ob_iconv_handler
Last updated: Fri, 29 Aug 2008
 
 
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